Senin, 29 Februari 2016

Did Lee Remove Pickett From Command?

Did Lee Remove Pickett From Command? The post Did Lee Remove Pickett From Command? appeared first on HistoryNet....

Daily Quiz for March 1, 2016

Louis Braille was this age when he developed the Braille alphabet. The post Daily Quiz for March 1, 2016 appeared first on HistoryNet....

March 01, 1932: Lindbergh baby kidnapped

On this day in 1932, in a crime that captured the attention of the entire nation, Charles Lindbergh III, the 20-month-old son of aviation hero Charles Lindbergh, is kidnapped from the family’s new mansion in Hopewell, New Jersey. Lindbergh, who became an international celebrity when he flew the first solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927, and his wife Anne discovered a ransom note demanding $50,000 in their son’s empty room. The kidnapper...

Daily Quiz for February 29, 2016

This caused writer Margret Mitchell’s death at age 48. The post Daily Quiz for February 29, 2016 appeared first on HistoryNet....

Audio: Vet Recalls Horrific Aftermath Of Suicide Cliff Where Japanese Civilians Jumped To Their Death

World War II veteran describes the cliff in Saipan where Japanese civilians committed suicide. The post Audio: Vet Recalls Horrific Aftermath Of Suicide Cliff Where Japanese Civilians Jumped To Their Death appeared first on HistoryNet....

Minggu, 28 Februari 2016

February 29, 1940: McDaniel wins Oscar

On February 29, 1940, Gone with the Wind is honored with eight Oscars by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. An epic Southern romance set during the hard times of the Civil War, the movie swept the prestigious Best Picture, Director, Screenplay, Cinematography, Art Direction, Film Editing, and Actress categories. However, the most momentous award that night undoubtedly went to Hattie McDaniel for her portrayal of “Mammy,” a...

Daily Quiz for February 28, 2016

Governor of this colony, Jonathan Trumball was the only colonial governor to support the U.S. revolution. The post Daily Quiz for February 28, 2016 appeared first on HistoryNet....

Sabtu, 27 Februari 2016

February 28, 1953: Watson and Crick discover chemical structure of DNA

On this day in 1953, Cambridge University scientists James D. Watson and Frances H.C. Crick announce that they have determined the double-helix structure of DNA, the molecule containing human genes. Though DNA–short for deoxyribonucleic acid–was discovered in 1869, its crucial role in determining genetic inheritance wasn’t demonstrated until 1943. In the early 1950s, Watson and Crick were only two of many scientists working on figuring out the structure...

Daily Quiz for February 27, 2016

Succeeding where Amelia Earhart had failed, this pilot became the first woman to fly solo around the world. The post Daily Quiz for February 27, 2016 appeared first on HistoryNet....

Jumat, 26 Februari 2016

February 27, 1827: New Orleanians take to the streets for Mardi Gras

On this day in 1827, a group of masked and costumed students dance through the streets of New Orleans, Louisiana, marking the beginning of the city’s famous Mardi Gras celebrations. The celebration of Carnival–or the weeks between Twelfth Night on January 6 and Ash Wednesday, the beginning of the Christian period of Lent–spread from Rome across Europe and later to the Americas. Nowhere in the United States is Carnival celebrated as grandly as in...

The Great Siege of Malta, by Bruce Ware Allen

The author's mastery of the subject is evident throughout, and his is the most extensive bibliography of relevant materials to date The post The Great Siege of Malta, by Bruce Ware Allen appeared first on HistoryNet....

Kamis, 25 Februari 2016

Daily Quiz for February 26, 2016

In 1921, Margaret Gorman Cahill became the first person to win this. The post Daily Quiz for February 26, 2016 appeared first on HistoryNet....

May 2016 Table of Contents

The March 2016 issue features a cover story about the 1821–29 Greek War of Independence The post May 2016 Table of Contents appeared first on HistoryNet....

Documentary Filmmaker Jessica Sherry

The filmmaker examines the origins of the John Frum cargo cult on the South Pacific island of Tanna The post Documentary Filmmaker Jessica Sherry appeared first on HistoryNet....

Carthaginian War Elephant

Hannibal took 37 Carthaginian war elephants on his legendary 218 BC crossing of the Alps The post Carthaginian War Elephant appeared first on HistoryNet....

Why Hannibal Lost

img alt="With tactical victory as his sole focus, Hannibal boldly crossed the snow-covered Alps in 218 BC to invade the Roman heartland." class="attachment-small wp-post-image" height="480" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_v3rjpwmQ5dGR3CnPOiLzvVuuSxzrNy_lD--nglcsqb664-uzCX2l6HOocrmZeK5C-JHOOTIWS_vg=s0-d" style="margin-bottom:10px;" width="1200">The Carthaginian commander...

May 2016 Readers’ Letters

During World War I the 2nd Division comprised both Army and Marine Corps regiments The post May 2016 Readers’ Letters appeared first on HistoryNet....

Letter From Military History – May 2016

Where the power resides in a military force is paramount The post Letter From Military History – May 2016 appeared first on HistoryNet....

Book Review: The German War

Oxford professor Nicholas Stargardt takes a candid look at life in Germany under the Third Reich The post Book Review: The German War appeared first on HistoryNet....

Book Review: Target Tokyo

James Scott looks at the April 1942 raid on Japan's Home Islands, its aftermath and its impact The post Book Review: Target Tokyo appeared first on HistoryNet....

Book Review: Hubris

Historian Alastair Horne considers the impact of hubris on military campaigns of the 20th century The post Book Review: Hubris appeared first on HistoryNet....

February 26, 1919: Two national parks preserved, 10 years apart

On this day in history, two national parks were established in the United States10 years apart–the Grand Canyon in 1919 and the Grand Tetons in 1929. Located in northwestern Arizona, the Grand Canyon is the product of millions of years of excavation by the mighty Colorado River. The chasm is exceptionally deep, dropping more than a mile into the earth, and is 15 miles across at its widest point.The canyon is hometo more than 1,500 plant species and...

Daily Quiz for February 25, 2016

The first social welfare program in the United States was established when Congress passed this act. The post Daily Quiz for February 25, 2016 appeared first on HistoryNet....

Declaration of Independence

Every American is familiar with the Declaration of Independence. The document is often seen as the official break between Great Britain and the American Colonies. The declaration was signed in the Philadelphia State House, now Independence Hall, on July 4, 1776. Here is the United States Declaration of Independence Text:   IN CONGRESS, July 4, … The post Declaration of Independence appeared first...

April 2016 Readers’ Letters

In the April issue of Wild West readers share dispatches about "Whispering Smith" and his Webley, the alleged croquet tintype of Billy the Kid and a intriguing photo of Tombstone, A.T. The post April 2016 Readers’ Letters appeared first on HistoryNet....

Book Review: Winchester Lever-Action Rifles

Martin Pegler argues convincingly the Winchester has earned its iconic status as “The Gun That Won the West" The post Book Review: Winchester Lever-Action Rifles appeared first on HistoryNet....

Book Review: Red Cloud

"Red Cloud did not surrender, die young or flee his country into exile," notes John McDermott in this concise biography The post Book Review: Red Cloud appeared first on HistoryNet....

Book Review: Six-Shooters and Shifting Sands

Bob Alexander's latest Texas Ranger biography focuses on the ever stalwart Captain Frank Jones The post Book Review: Six-Shooters and Shifting Sands appeared first on HistoryNet....

Book Review: The Army Surveys of Gold Rush California

U.S. Army topographical engineers were among the first to explore the terra icognita of Gold Rush California The post Book Review: The Army Surveys of Gold Rush California appeared first on HistoryNet....

Book Review: Californio Lancers

Tom Prezelski presents the Southwestern vaqueros and rancheros of the Union Army's 1st Battalion of Native Cavalry The post Book Review: Californio Lancers appeared first on HistoryNet....

Book Review: Empire of Sand

Don Chaput traces the little-known mining boom in the desert realm of La Paz County, Arizona The post Book Review: Empire of Sand appeared first on HistoryNet....

Book Review: The Buffalo Soldiers

Debra Sheffer recounts the fortitude and fighting spirit of the black troops known as Buffalo Soldiers The post Book Review: The Buffalo Soldiers appeared first on HistoryNet....

Rabu, 24 Februari 2016

February 25, 1964: Clay knocks out Liston

On February 25, 1964, 22-year-old Cassius Clay shocks the odds-makers by dethroning world heavyweight boxing champ Sonny Liston in a seventh-round technical knockout. The dreaded Liston, who had twice demolished former champ Floyd Patterson in one round, was an 8-to-1 favorite. However, Clay predicted victory, boasting that he would “float like a butterfly, sting like a bee” and knock out Liston in the eighth round. The fleet-footed and loquacious...

Selasa, 23 Februari 2016

February 24, 1836: Alamo defenders call for help

On this day in 1836, in San Antonio, Texas, Colonel William Travis issues a call for help on behalf of the Texan troops defending the Alamo, an old Spanish mission and fortress under attack by the Mexican army. A native of Alabama, Travis moved to the Mexican state of Texas in 1831. He soon became a leader of the growing movement to overthrow the Mexican government and establish an independent Texan republic. When the Texas revolution began in 1835,...

Daily Quiz for February 24, 2016

Well-known journalist Maggie Higgins, received a 1951 Pulitzer Prize for her coverage of this. The post Daily Quiz for February 24, 2016 appeared first on HistoryNet....

Audio: Medic With The 63rd Infantry Recalls Intense Night As Shells Rained Upon Them

Medical team retrieves an injured soldier during a night of heavy bombing. The post Audio: Medic With The 63rd Infantry Recalls Intense Night As Shells Rained Upon Them appeared first on HistoryNet....

The Spoils of War

How American wartime cargo inspired cults in the Solomon Islands after World War II The post The Spoils of War appeared first on HistoryNet....

Senin, 22 Februari 2016

February 23, 1945: U.S. flag raised on Iwo Jima

During the bloody Battle for Iwo Jima, U.S. Marines from the 3rd Platoon, E Company, 2nd Battalion, 28th Regiment of the 5th Division take the crest of Mount Suribachi, the island’s highest peak and most strategic position, and raise the U.S. flag. Marine photographer Louis Lowery was with them and recorded the event. American soldiers fighting for control of Suribachi’s slopes cheered the raising of the flag, and several hours later more Marines...

Seeking Information on a Portrait of George Washington

Seeking Information on a Portrait of George Washington The post Seeking Information on a Portrait of George Washington appeared first on HistoryNet....

Daily Quiz for February 23, 2016

Published in 1924, The Centenary Translation of the New Testament (Greek to English) was completed by this person. The post Daily Quiz for February 23, 2016 appeared first on HistoryNet....

Minggu, 21 Februari 2016

Daily Quiz for February 22, 2016

Although she wrote the words to the hymn, “More Love to Thee, O Christ,” Elizabeth Prentiss was previously known for this type of writing...

Audio: Survivor Of USS Franklin Remembers The Terrifying Moment The Ship Was Attacked

A firsthand account of the attack on the USS Franklin on March 19, 1945...

February 22, 1980: U.S. hockey team makes miracle on ice

In one of the most dramatic upsets in Olympic history, the underdog U.S. hockey team, made up of college players, defeats the four-time defending gold-medal winning Soviet team at the XIII Olympic Winter Games in Lake Placid, New York. The Soviet squad, previously regarded as the finest in the world, fell to the youthful American team 4-3 before a frenzied crowd of 10,000 spectators. Two days later, the Americans defeated Finland 4-2 to clinch the...

Sabtu, 20 Februari 2016

February 21, 1965: Malcolm X assassinated

In New York City, Malcolm X, an African American nationalist and religious leader, is assassinated by rival Black Muslims while addressing his Organization of Afro-American Unity at the Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights. Born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1925, Malcolm was the son of James Earl Little, a Baptist preacher who advocated the black nationalist ideals of Marcus Garvey. Threats from the Ku Klux Klan forced the family to move...

Daily Quiz for February 21, 2016

Developed in 1923, the Dick test is used for this...

Jumat, 19 Februari 2016

February 20, 1985: Ireland allows sale of contraceptives

In a highly controversial vote on February 20, 1985, the Irish government defies the powerful Catholic Church and approves the sale of contraceptives. Up until 1979, Irish law prohibited the importation and sale of contraceptives. In a 1973 case, McGee v. The Attorney General, the Irish Supreme Court found that a constitutional right to marital privacy covered the use of contraceptives. Pressured by strong conservative forces in Irish society, particularly...

Daily Quiz for February 20, 2016

This singer's Metropolitan Opera debut resulted in a 42-minute standing ovation...

The Conquering Tide, by Ian Toll

Deft visuals and tense action shape the narrative in the second volume of Toll's Pacific War Trilog...

Kamis, 18 Februari 2016

Daily Quiz for February 19, 2016

Eatonville, Florida is known as this...

East Front

During World War II, the Nazi Germany was forced to fight a war on both sides. Here, the Germans are against the Soviet military on the Eastern front...

DAK in Africa

DAK, short for Deutsches Afrikakorps or German Africa Corps, was an Axis military force led by General Field Marshall Erwin Rommel that operated in Northern Africa during World War II...

Panzer II

Designed and produced during the 1930s, the Panzer II was originally used as a temporary fix for Germany’s tank use. It was replaced during the early years of World War II by later models and was moved away from the front-lines...

Tiger Tank

The Tiger tanks I and II were heavy German tanks used during World War II. The tanks were commonly used in heavy tank battalions on all fronts. The Tiger I was eventually replaced by the Tiger II which was first used in 1944...

German Artillery

After losing heavily during World War I, the German army improved their weaponry by taking ideas from foreign artillery designs and fixing shortcomings they had discovered during the war...

Panzers in Action

Panzer, of Panzerkampfwagen, were a series of armored combat vehicles designed and produced by Germany during World War II. Although Panzer technically describes tanks in general, the term usually refers to the Panzer series that was used on all fronts during the war...

Marder III in Action

The Marder III, one of many in the Marder (Marten) series, was a tank destroyer that was used by the Germans on all fronts. The Marder series was produced from 1942 till the end of World War II...

The Polish Army 1939

Poland was invaded by the German army on September 1, 1939. The Polish Army can be seen here prior to the invasion at the start of World War II...

American Indian Sharpshooters at the Battle of the Crater

American Indian Sharpshooters terrorized Confederates, especially at the Battle of the Crater...

February 19, 1847: Donner Party rescued

On this day in 1847, the first rescuers reach surviving members of the Donner Party, a group of California-bound emigrants stranded by snow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. In the summer of 1846, in the midst of a Western-bound fever sweeping the United States, 89 people–including 31 members of the Donner and Reed families–set out in a wagon train from Springfield, Illinois. After arriving at Fort Bridger, Wyoming, the emigrants decided to avoid the...

Rabu, 17 Februari 2016

February 18, 1885: Twain publishes The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

On this day in 1885, Mark Twain publishes his famous–and famously controversial–novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain (the pen name of Samuel Clemens) first introduced Huck Finn as the best friend of Tom Sawyer, hero of his tremendously successful novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876). Though Twain saw Huck’s story as a kind of sequel to his earlier book, the new novel was far more serious, focusing on the institution of slavery and...

Daily Quiz for February 18, 2016

Founded in 1929, the Ninety-Nines was an organization of this...

Daily Quiz for March 11, 2016

In 1945, the United Nations formed with this number of member nations...

Selasa, 16 Februari 2016

February 17, 1904: Madame Butterfly premieres

On this day in 1904, Giacomo Puccini’s opera Madame Butterfly premieres at the La Scala theatre in Milan, Italy. The young Puccini decided to dedicate his life to opera after seeing a performance of Giuseppe Verdi’s Aida in 1876. In his later life, he would write some of the best-loved operas of all time: La Boheme (1896), Tosca (1900), Madame Butterfly (1904) and Turandot (left unfinished when he died in 1906). Not one of these, however, was an...

Audio: Veteran Remembers How His Two Friends Were Killed During WWII

A World War II veteran looks back on how his friends were killed in a road bombing...

Daily Quiz for February 17, 2016

Pioneering female cartoonist Dale Messick is responsible for this comic strip...

Benedict Arnold: The Hero Before the Traitor

Before his epic betrayal, Arnold proved himself an imaginative and tenacious field commande...

Senin, 15 Februari 2016

February 16, 1923: Archaeologist opens tomb of King Tut

On this day in 1923, in Thebes, Egypt, English archaeologist Howard Carter enters the sealed burial chamber of the ancient Egyptian ruler King Tutankhamen. Because the ancient Egyptians saw their pharaohs as gods, they carefully preserved their bodies after death, burying them in elaborate tombs containing rich treasures to accompany the rulers into the afterlife. In the 19th century, archeologists from all over the world flocked to Egypt, where...

Daily Quiz for February 16, 2016

Biologist Dr. Nettie Stevens's greatest contribution to science was this discovery...

How Did the U.S. War Industry Unwind at the End of WWII?

How Did the U.S. War Industry Unwind at the End of WWII...

Minggu, 14 Februari 2016

February 15, 1898: The Maine explodes

A massive explosion of unknown origin sinks the battleship USS Maine in Cuba’s Havana harbor, killing 260 of the fewer than 400 American crew members aboard. One of the first American battleships, the Maine weighed more than 6,000 tons and was built at a cost of more than $2 million. Ostensibly on a friendly visit, the Maine had been sent to Cuba to protect the interests of Americans there after a rebellion against Spanish rule broke out in Havana...

Audio: WWII Navy Vet Holds Back Tears As He Recalls Trying To Save Fellow Sailors

Veteran recalls attempting to move his fallen comrades during World War II...

Daily Quiz for February 15, 2016

This US university began in 1837 as the Institute for Colored Youth...

Sabtu, 13 Februari 2016

February 14, 278: St. Valentine beheaded

On February 14around the year 278A.D., Valentine, a holy priest in Rome in the days of Emperor Claudius II, was executed. Under the rule of Claudius the Cruel, Rome was involved in many unpopular and bloody campaigns. The emperor had to maintain a strong army, but was having a difficult time getting soldiers to join his military leagues. Claudius believed that Roman men were unwilling to join the army because of their strong attachment to their wives...

Daily Quiz for February 14, 2016

Journalist Jane Croly founded this volunteer organization...

Jumat, 12 Februari 2016

Daily Quiz for February 13, 2016

This US patriot is often credited with coining the phrase "No taxation without representation....

Book Review: A First Lady With Charm and Fortune

Louisa The Extraordinary Life of Mrs. Adams by Louisa Thomas
 (Penguin Press) THERE ARE TWO blended pleasures in a new biography of Louisa Catherine Johnson, the English-born woman who married John Quincy Adams, America’s sixth president. The main pleasure is that Louisa Adams consumes us as a demure yet dazzling woman, a somewhat overlooked first ...

February 13, 1633: Galileo in Rome for Inquisition

On this day in 1633, Italian philosopher, astronomer and mathematician Galileo Galilei arrives in Rometo face charges of heresy for advocating Copernican theory, which holds that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Galileo officially faced the Roman Inquisition in April of that same year and agreed to plead guilty in exchange for a lighter sentence. Put under house arrest indefinitely by Pope Urban VIII, Galileo spent the rest of his days at his villa...

Hubris, by Alistair Horne

Exploring the linkages between conflicts that spanned from Europe to Asia The post Hubris, by Alistair Horne appeared first on History Net: Where History Comes Alive - World & US History Online....

Kamis, 11 Februari 2016

February 12, 2002: Milosevic goes on trial for war crimes

On this day in 2002, former Yugoslav president Slobodan Milosevic goes on trial at The Hague, Netherlands, on charges of genocide and war crimes in Bosnia, Croatia and Kosovo. Milosevic served as his own attorney for much of the prolonged trial, which ended without a verdict when the so-called “Butcher of the Balkans” was found dead at age 64 from an apparent heart attack in his prison cell on March 11, 2006. Yugoslavia, consisting of Croatia, Montenegro,...

Daily Quiz for February 12, 2016

Sir William Herschel is credited with discovery of this planet. The post Daily Quiz for February 12, 2016 appeared first on History Net: Where History Comes Alive - World & US History Online....

Book Review: The Witch of Lime Street

The Witch of Lime Street: Seance, Seduction and Houdini in the Spirit World by David Jaher (Crown Publishers) NEARLY 100 YEARS AGO, America was gripped by occult fever. The vast death toll from the Great War had sparked a mainstream spiritualism craze. A raft of psychics and spirit mediums popped up to offer their peculiar … The post Book Review: The Witch of Lime Street appeared first on History...

American History magazine – April 2016

Read about the most prominent American political dynasties—from the Adams and Harrisons to the Roosevelts and Kennedys—and the smaller fry in between. Check out what George Washington wore to his inauguration—and why! The post American History magazine – April 2016 appeared first on History Net: Where History Comes Alive - World & US History Online....

No Kings Needed

The Founders’ visions of democracy left little room for rulers from the “artificial aristocracy” of inherited wealth The post No Kings Needed appeared first on History Net: Where History Comes Alive - World & US History Online....

What’s the Matter with Public Service?

Is the maxim long held by many great American political dynasties “To whom much is given, much is required,” a relic of the past? The post What’s the Matter with Public Service? appeared first on History Net: Where History Comes Alive - World & US History Online....

Rabu, 10 Februari 2016

Daily Quiz for February 11, 2016

This voluptuous actress received three patents-UD 3914799A, US4003094A, and US3935865A in the 1970s...

Panzerkampfwagen IV in Normandy

The fourth in a series of six, the Panzerkampfwagen IV, was a German tank produced during World War II. Here, the Panzer IV is used against the allies in Normandy...

La Esperanza Engine

Built at West Point Foundry in 1861, the La Esperanza sugar mill consists of a steam engine, reduction gears, and a mill. The machine is still located at its plantation, the Hacienda La Esperanza, in Puerto Rico...

Rolling Thunder Run 2013

An annual motorcycle run, Rolling Thunder honors all military personnel with participants riding for certain friends or family members. This video shows footage from the Rolling Thunder run in Washington D.C. in 2013...

USS Panay and The Yangtze Patrol

The USS Panay, part of the U.S. Navy’s Yangtze Patrol, evacuated American citizens from Nanking in 1937 during the Japanese attack. Carrying newspaper reporters and embassy staff, the ship was bombed by Japanese airplanes. Japan apologized for what they claimed was an accident and paid indemnity to the Americans.  ...

Doolittle Final Reunion

Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, eighty men volunteered for the first air raid against Japan. On April 18, 1942 the airmen took off from the USS Hornet in what would become known as the Doolittle Raid. The veterans of this raid are still honored as American heroes today...

The Battle of Russia Pt. 1

“The Battle of Russia,” Part 1: Chapter V of Frank Capra’s “Why We Fight” series, follows the beginning of the end for Adolph Hitler. Part One shows how the Nazi regime, frustrated by the tenacity of British resistance, sets its sights on the Soviet Union instead. As it follows the Nazi march into Russian territory, ...

February 11, 1990: Nelson Mandela released from prison

Nelson Mandela, leader of the movement to end South African apartheid, is released from prison after 27 years on February 11, 1990. In 1944, Mandela, a lawyer, joined the African National Congress (ANC), the oldest black political organization in South Africa, where he became a leader of Johannesburg’s youth wing of the ANC. In 1952, he became deputy national president of the ANC, advocating nonviolent resistance to apartheid–South Africa’s institutionalized...

Interview: Walter S. Mondale

Former veep Walter S. Mondale’s view on campaigns, debates and primarie...

Selasa, 09 Februari 2016

February 10, 1996: Kasparov loses chess game to computer

On this day in 1996, after three hours, world chess champion Garry Kasparov loses the first game of a six-game match against Deep Blue, an IBM computer capable of evaluating 200 million moves per second.  Man was ultimately victorious over machine, however, as Kasparov bested Deep Blue in the match with three wins and two ties and took home the $400,000 prize. An estimated 6 million people worldwide followed the action on the Internet. Kasparov...

Daily Quiz for February 10, 2016

John Lloyd Wright, son of famed architect Frank Lloyd Wright, invented this toy...

Audio: Gunner Recalls What It Was Like On Aerial Missions During WWII

Veteran Don Stencil recalls his aerial missions as a gunner during World War II...

Nathanael Greene’s Steeplechase in the Carolinas, 1781

When Nathanael Greene and Charles Cornwallis finally clashed at Guilford Courthouse, Cornwallis had bayonets and discipline. Greene had a surprise—and a war-winning strateg...

Were Jefferson and Broadnax Suspects in the Murder of George Wythe?

Were Jefferson and Broadnax Suspects in the Murder of George Wythe...